diff --git a/.gitea/workflows/ci.yml b/.gitea/workflows/ci.yml
index 16ea675..3eeb18d 100644
--- a/.gitea/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Continuous integration on git.menzel.center (Gitea Actions).
 #
-# Two jobs: `check` runs the test suite, the linter and the frontend
-# typecheck; `build-and-push` only starts once `check` is green, so a red
-# suite never reaches the registry (and never reaches the self-update
+# Two jobs: `check` runs both test suites (pytest, vitest), the linter and the
+# frontend typecheck; `build-and-push` only starts once `check` is green, so a
+# red suite never reaches the registry (and never reaches the self-update
 # checker, which would happily offer a broken release).
 #
 # Builds and pushes both images to this instance's container registry on every
@@ -68,6 +68,10 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: frontend
         run: npx tsc --noEmit -p tsconfig.json
 
+      - name: Test (vitest)
+        working-directory: frontend
+        run: npm test
+
   build-and-push:
     needs: check
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 9104992..fde07b4 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -13,6 +13,19 @@ as intuitive as Dockge, as capable as Portainer for Compose workflows.
 > (Auto-update) + Phase 23 (Secrets & configs) + Phase 24 (Design System v2)
 > complete.
 
+## Upgrading to 0.50.0 — nothing to do
+
+Two robustness fixes, no configuration changes.
+
+- **A render error no longer blanks the window.** Any exception thrown while
+  rendering used to unmount the whole React tree: a white page with no
+  navigation and no clue what happened. An error boundary now shows what broke
+  with a way out, and clears itself when you navigate to another page.
+- **The bundle is split.** It was one 841 kB file every visitor downloaded in
+  full; the entry chunk is now 377 kB (120 kB gzipped) with each page fetched on
+  first open. xterm.js, at 294 kB the single largest piece, loads only when
+  somebody actually opens a container terminal.
+
 ## Upgrading to 0.49.0 — nothing to do
 
 The UI now refreshes when Docker changes instead of asking every few seconds.
@@ -152,6 +165,10 @@ it is what your saved destination credentials are encrypted with.
   holds across workers and across a restart) and a second one gets `409` while
   it is held; auto-update skips a stack somebody is already deploying. Locks
   carry an expiry, so a worker killed mid-deploy does not strand a stack.
+- **Resilient UI** — a render error shows what broke and offers a way out
+  instead of blanking the window, and clears itself when you navigate away.
+  Routes are code-split, so the entry bundle is 377 kB rather than 841 kB and
+  the container terminal's xterm.js only loads when a terminal is opened.
 - **Event-driven UI** — a single `/ws/events` connection carries Docker's own
   container / image / network / volume events; the client drops the matching
   caches so pages refresh the moment something changes, instead of every page
@@ -534,10 +551,15 @@ cd backend
 pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
 pytest                            # 758 tests, no Docker daemon needed
 ruff check .
-cd ../frontend && npx tsc --noEmit -p tsconfig.json
+cd ../frontend && npx tsc --noEmit -p tsconfig.json && npm test
 ```
 
-The suite drives the app through `TestClient` **without** the lifespan, so it
+The frontend has a small vitest suite alongside it (`npm test`, jsdom). It
+covers behaviour the typechecker cannot see — currently the error boundary:
+that it renders the error instead of a blank page, offers a way out, and clears
+on navigation so one broken page does not strand you.
+
+The backend suite drives the app through `TestClient` **without** the lifespan, so it
 never opens a Docker socket and never starts the background loops; `conftest.py`
 points `DATA_DIR`/`STACKS_DIR` at a temp directory before anything is imported.
 
diff --git a/backend/version.py b/backend/version.py
index 4fa02f8..0ae6362 100644
--- a/backend/version.py
+++ b/backend/version.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 """Single source of truth for the StackPilot release version."""
 
-APP_VERSION = "0.49.0"
+APP_VERSION = "0.50.0"
diff --git a/frontend/package-lock.json b/frontend/package-lock.json
index 0de7a08..edf9d9a 100644
--- a/frontend/package-lock.json
+++ b/frontend/package-lock.json
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "stackpilot-frontend",
-  "version": "0.29.0",
+  "version": "0.49.0",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "stackpilot-frontend",
-      "version": "0.29.0",
+      "version": "0.49.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "@fontsource-variable/schibsted-grotesk": "^5.2.8",
         "@monaco-editor/react": "^4.6.0",
@@ -24,15 +24,19 @@
         "zustand": "^5.0.2"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
+        "@testing-library/dom": "^10.4.0",
+        "@testing-library/react": "^16.1.0",
         "@types/node": "^20.17.10",
         "@types/react": "^18.3.17",
         "@types/react-dom": "^18.3.5",
         "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.3.4",
         "autoprefixer": "^10.4.20",
+        "jsdom": "^25.0.1",
         "postcss": "^8.4.49",
         "tailwindcss": "^3.4.17",
         "typescript": "^5.7.2",
-        "vite": "^5.4.11"
+        "vite": "^5.4.11",
+        "vitest": "^2.1.8"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@alloc/quick-lru": {
@@ -48,6 +52,27 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@asamuzakjp/css-color": {
+      "version": "3.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@asamuzakjp/css-color/-/css-color-3.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-K1A6z8tS3XsmCMM86xoWdn7Fkdn9m6RSVtocUrJYIwZnFVkng/PvkEoWtOWmP+Scc6saYWHWZYbndEEXxl24jw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@csstools/css-calc": "^2.1.3",
+        "@csstools/css-color-parser": "^3.0.9",
+        "@csstools/css-parser-algorithms": "^3.0.4",
+        "@csstools/css-tokenizer": "^3.0.3",
+        "lru-cache": "^10.4.3"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@asamuzakjp/css-color/node_modules/lru-cache": {
+      "version": "10.4.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lru-cache/-/lru-cache-10.4.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-JNAzZcXrCt42VGLuYz0zfAzDfAvJWW6AfYlDBQyDV5DClI2m5sAmK+OIO7s59XfsRsWHp02jAJrRadPRGTt6SQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC"
+    },
     "node_modules/@babel/code-frame": {
       "version": "7.29.7",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.29.7.tgz",
@@ -282,6 +307,16 @@
         "@babel/core": "^7.0.0-0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@babel/runtime": {
+      "version": "7.29.7",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/runtime/-/runtime-7.29.7.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Nq8OhGWiZIZGV6hLHoyAKLLcJihP/xFeBMGJoUrxTX2psI8dCifzLhZISFb+VWS3wFMRDmCGw5R+dOySCqPLhw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6.9.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@babel/template": {
       "version": "7.29.7",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/template/-/template-7.29.7.tgz",
@@ -330,6 +365,121 @@
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@csstools/color-helpers": {
+      "version": "5.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/color-helpers/-/color-helpers-5.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-S11EXWJyy0Mz5SYvRmY8nJYTFFd1LCNV+7cXyAgQtOOuzb4EsgfqDufL+9esx72/eLhsRdGZwaldu/h+E4t4BA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "opencollective",
+          "url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT-0",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@csstools/css-calc": {
+      "version": "2.1.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/css-calc/-/css-calc-2.1.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-3N8oaj+0juUw/1H3YwmDDJXCgTB1gKU6Hc/bB502u9zR0q2vd786XJH9QfrKIEgFlZmhZiq6epXl4rHqhzsIgQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "opencollective",
+          "url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@csstools/css-parser-algorithms": "^3.0.5",
+        "@csstools/css-tokenizer": "^3.0.4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@csstools/css-color-parser": {
+      "version": "3.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/css-color-parser/-/css-color-parser-3.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-nbtKwh3a6xNVIp/VRuXV64yTKnb1IjTAEEh3irzS+HkKjAOYLTGNb9pmVNntZ8iVBHcWDA2Dof0QtPgFI1BaTA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "opencollective",
+          "url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@csstools/color-helpers": "^5.1.0",
+        "@csstools/css-calc": "^2.1.4"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@csstools/css-parser-algorithms": "^3.0.5",
+        "@csstools/css-tokenizer": "^3.0.4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@csstools/css-parser-algorithms": {
+      "version": "3.0.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/css-parser-algorithms/-/css-parser-algorithms-3.0.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-DaDeUkXZKjdGhgYaHNJTV9pV7Y9B3b644jCLs9Upc3VeNGg6LWARAT6O+Q+/COo+2gg/bM5rhpMAtf70WqfBdQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "opencollective",
+          "url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@csstools/css-tokenizer": "^3.0.4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@csstools/css-tokenizer": {
+      "version": "3.0.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/css-tokenizer/-/css-tokenizer-3.0.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Vd/9EVDiu6PPJt9yAh6roZP6El1xHrdvIVGjyBsHR0RYwNHgL7FJPyIIW4fANJNG6FtyZfvlRPpFI4ZM/lubvw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "opencollective",
+          "url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-x64": {
       "version": "0.21.5",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-x64/-/linux-x64-0.21.5.tgz",
@@ -483,6 +633,244 @@
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi": {
+      "version": "4.61.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi/-/rollup-android-arm-eabi-4.61.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-JnBB8MdXj45cajvTuO5FmPlvFVJRQgvrz1uSEl3NwqFnReAPGwb8EanbGi4z2nRaqLzjJSv5/JmycoTKlRZxHA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "android"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-android-arm64": {
+      "version": "4.61.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-android-arm64/-/rollup-android-arm64-4.61.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Jx2g7iSjw4AOT0HDPHM9RV3GNjRXwybWtSFZiZAYUTjUwjVrYIwq3kBf+LnhqJlzXFAqTAh2F7IGI+O568exPw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "android"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-darwin-arm64": {
+      "version": "4.61.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-darwin-arm64/-/rollup-darwin-arm64-4.61.1.tgz",
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+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "darwin"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-darwin-x64": {
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-darwin-x64/-/rollup-darwin-x64-4.61.1.tgz",
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+        "x64"
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+      "optional": true,
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+        "freebsd"
+      ]
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@@ -869,6 +1591,50 @@
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+        "utf-8-validate": ">=5.0.2"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "bufferutil": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "utf-8-validate": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/xml-name-validator": {
+      "version": "5.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/xml-name-validator/-/xml-name-validator-5.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-EvGK8EJ3DhaHfbRlETOWAS5pO9MZITeauHKJyb8wyajUfQUenkIg2MvLDTZ4T/TgIcm3HU0TFBgWWboAZ30UHg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/xmlchars": {
+      "version": "2.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/xmlchars/-/xmlchars-2.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-JZnDKK8B0RCDw84FNdDAIpZK+JuJw+s7Lz8nksI7SIuU3UXJJslUthsi+uWBUYOwPFwW7W7PRLRfUKpxjtjFCw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/yallist": {
       "version": "3.1.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yallist/-/yallist-3.1.1.tgz",
diff --git a/frontend/package.json b/frontend/package.json
index a5fbecc..364d34e 100644
--- a/frontend/package.json
+++ b/frontend/package.json
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 {
   "name": "stackpilot-frontend",
   "private": true,
-  "version": "0.49.0",
+  "version": "0.50.0",
   "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "vite",
     "build": "tsc -b && vite build",
-    "preview": "vite preview"
+    "preview": "vite preview",
+    "test": "vitest run"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@fontsource-variable/schibsted-grotesk": "^5.2.8",
@@ -25,14 +26,18 @@
     "zustand": "^5.0.2"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
+    "@testing-library/dom": "^10.4.0",
+    "@testing-library/react": "^16.1.0",
     "@types/node": "^20.17.10",
     "@types/react": "^18.3.17",
     "@types/react-dom": "^18.3.5",
     "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.3.4",
     "autoprefixer": "^10.4.20",
+    "jsdom": "^25.0.1",
     "postcss": "^8.4.49",
     "tailwindcss": "^3.4.17",
     "typescript": "^5.7.2",
-    "vite": "^5.4.11"
+    "vite": "^5.4.11",
+    "vitest": "^2.1.8"
   }
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/App.tsx b/frontend/src/App.tsx
index 9d617fc..b12b3c9 100644
--- a/frontend/src/App.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/App.tsx
@@ -1,21 +1,40 @@
-import { useEffect } from "react";
+import { lazy, useEffect } from "react";
 import { BrowserRouter, Navigate, Outlet, Route, Routes } from "react-router-dom";
 import { AppShell } from "@/components/layout/AppShell";
 import { Login } from "@/pages/Login";
 import { Dashboard } from "@/pages/Dashboard";
-import { Stacks } from "@/pages/Stacks";
-import { StackDetail } from "@/pages/StackDetail";
-import { StackEditor } from "@/pages/StackEditor";
-import { Images } from "@/pages/Images";
-import { Files } from "@/pages/Files";
-import { Volumes } from "@/pages/Volumes";
-import { Templates } from "@/pages/Templates";
-import { Settings } from "@/pages/Settings";
-import { Audit } from "@/pages/Audit";
-import { Networks } from "@/pages/Networks";
 import { useAuthStore } from "@/store/auth";
 import { useThemeStore } from "@/store/theme";
 
+/**
+ * Routes are split so a page's code is fetched when it is first opened.
+ *
+ * Everything used to land in one chunk that every visitor downloaded in full,
+ * including the two heavy pieces most sessions never touch: the compose editor
+ * (Monaco's React wrapper plus the diff view) and, through the container card,
+ * xterm.js.
+ *
+ * Login and the Dashboard stay eagerly imported — they are the first thing
+ * everyone sees, and deferring them would only add a spinner to the critical
+ * path.
+ */
+const Stacks = lazy(() => import("@/pages/Stacks").then((m) => ({ default: m.Stacks })));
+const StackDetail = lazy(() =>
+  import("@/pages/StackDetail").then((m) => ({ default: m.StackDetail }))
+);
+const StackEditor = lazy(() =>
+  import("@/pages/StackEditor").then((m) => ({ default: m.StackEditor }))
+);
+const Images = lazy(() => import("@/pages/Images").then((m) => ({ default: m.Images })));
+const Files = lazy(() => import("@/pages/Files").then((m) => ({ default: m.Files })));
+const Volumes = lazy(() => import("@/pages/Volumes").then((m) => ({ default: m.Volumes })));
+const Templates = lazy(() =>
+  import("@/pages/Templates").then((m) => ({ default: m.Templates }))
+);
+const Settings = lazy(() => import("@/pages/Settings").then((m) => ({ default: m.Settings })));
+const Audit = lazy(() => import("@/pages/Audit").then((m) => ({ default: m.Audit })));
+const Networks = lazy(() => import("@/pages/Networks").then((m) => ({ default: m.Networks })));
+
 function RequireAuth() {
   const token = useAuthStore((s) => s.accessToken);
   const ready = useAuthStore((s) => s.ready);
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/layout/AppShell.tsx b/frontend/src/components/layout/AppShell.tsx
index ca67531..17ea0af 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/layout/AppShell.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/layout/AppShell.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+import { Suspense } from "react";
 import { Outlet, useLocation } from "react-router-dom";
 import { TopNav } from "./TopNav";
+import { ErrorBoundary } from "@/components/ui/ErrorBoundary";
+import { Spinner } from "@/components/ui";
 import { useDockerEvents } from "@/hooks/useDockerEvents";
 
 /** Top-level routes get a display-weight title here; the Dashboard ("/")
@@ -31,7 +34,14 @@ export function AppShell() {
         {title && (
           <h1 className="sp-display mb-6 text-[40px] leading-none sm:text-[50px]">{title}</h1>
         )}
-        <Outlet />
+        {/* Keyed on the route so navigating away from a broken page clears the
+            error instead of stranding the user on it. Suspense covers the
+            lazily-loaded route chunks. */}
+        <ErrorBoundary resetKey={pathname}>
+          <Suspense fallback={<Spinner />}>
+            <Outlet />
+          </Suspense>
+        </ErrorBoundary>
       </main>
     </div>
   );
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/stacks/ContainerCard.tsx b/frontend/src/components/stacks/ContainerCard.tsx
index 967ac20..2fcc78a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/stacks/ContainerCard.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/stacks/ContainerCard.tsx
@@ -1,14 +1,24 @@
-import { useState } from "react";
+import { Suspense, lazy, useState } from "react";
 import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { Play, Square, RotateCw, ChevronDown, ChevronRight, TerminalSquare } from "lucide-react";
 import { toast } from "sonner";
 import { Badge, Button, Card, Spinner, StatusDot } from "@/components/ui";
 import { ContainerPorts } from "@/components/stacks/ContainerPorts";
-import { ContainerTerminal } from "@/components/stacks/ContainerTerminal";
 import { containersApi, type ContainerAction } from "@/api/containers";
 import { apiErrorMessage } from "@/api/client";
 import type { ContainerInfo } from "@/types";
 
+/**
+ * xterm.js is ~250 kB and only needed once somebody actually opens a terminal.
+ * Loading it here kept it in the main bundle for every visitor, because this
+ * card renders on every stack detail page.
+ */
+const ContainerTerminal = lazy(() =>
+  import("@/components/stacks/ContainerTerminal").then((m) => ({
+    default: m.ContainerTerminal,
+  }))
+);
+
 export function ContainerCard({
   container,
   host,
@@ -148,11 +158,13 @@ export function ContainerCard({
       )}
 
       {termOpen && (
-        <ContainerTerminal
-          containerId={container.id}
-          service={container.service}
-          onClose={() => setTermOpen(false)}
-        />
+        <Suspense fallback={null}>
+          <ContainerTerminal
+            containerId={container.id}
+            service={container.service}
+            onClose={() => setTermOpen(false)}
+          />
+        </Suspense>
       )}
     </Card>
   );
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ui/ErrorBoundary.test.tsx b/frontend/src/components/ui/ErrorBoundary.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77c5ca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ui/ErrorBoundary.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { describe, expect, it, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from "vitest";
+import { render, screen, cleanup, fireEvent } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { ErrorBoundary } from "./ErrorBoundary";
+
+/**
+ * Before this component existed, any render error unmounted the whole React
+ * tree: a white window, no navigation, no clue what happened. That failure mode
+ * is invisible to the typechecker, which is what these cover.
+ */
+
+function Boom({ shouldThrow }: { shouldThrow: boolean }): React.ReactElement {
+  if (shouldThrow) throw new Error("the sky is falling");
+  return <p>all good</p>;
+}
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  // React logs caught errors itself; silence it so a passing run stays readable.
+  vi.spyOn(console, "error").mockImplementation(() => {});
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  vi.restoreAllMocks();
+  cleanup();
+});
+
+describe("ErrorBoundary", () => {
+  it("renders its children when nothing goes wrong", () => {
+    render(
+      <ErrorBoundary>
+        <Boom shouldThrow={false} />
+      </ErrorBoundary>
+    );
+    expect(screen.getByText("all good")).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("shows the error instead of a blank page", () => {
+    render(
+      <ErrorBoundary>
+        <Boom shouldThrow />
+      </ErrorBoundary>
+    );
+    expect(screen.getByText("This page hit an error")).toBeDefined();
+    // The message is surfaced, not swallowed — otherwise there is nothing to
+    // report and no way to tell what broke.
+    expect(screen.getByText("the sky is falling")).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("offers a way out", () => {
+    render(
+      <ErrorBoundary>
+        <Boom shouldThrow />
+      </ErrorBoundary>
+    );
+    expect(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /try again/i })).toBeDefined();
+    expect(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /reload/i })).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("says the rest of the app is unaffected", () => {
+    render(
+      <ErrorBoundary>
+        <Boom shouldThrow />
+      </ErrorBoundary>
+    );
+    expect(screen.getByText(/your stacks are unaffected/i)).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("clears the error when resetKey changes", () => {
+    // This is what makes navigating away from a broken page work: without it
+    // the boundary keeps showing the error on every subsequent route.
+    function Harness() {
+      const [route, setRoute] = useState("/broken");
+      return (
+        <>
+          <button onClick={() => setRoute("/fine")}>navigate</button>
+          <ErrorBoundary resetKey={route}>
+            <Boom shouldThrow={route === "/broken"} />
+          </ErrorBoundary>
+        </>
+      );
+    }
+
+    render(<Harness />);
+    expect(screen.getByText("This page hit an error")).toBeDefined();
+
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByText("navigate"));
+
+    expect(screen.queryByText("This page hit an error")).toBeNull();
+    expect(screen.getByText("all good")).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("stays on the error screen while the route is unchanged", () => {
+    function Harness() {
+      const [, force] = useState(0);
+      return (
+        <>
+          <button onClick={() => force((n) => n + 1)}>rerender</button>
+          <ErrorBoundary resetKey="/same">
+            <Boom shouldThrow />
+          </ErrorBoundary>
+        </>
+      );
+    }
+
+    render(<Harness />);
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByText("rerender"));
+    expect(screen.getByText("This page hit an error")).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("logs the error so it is recoverable from the console", () => {
+    render(
+      <ErrorBoundary>
+        <Boom shouldThrow />
+      </ErrorBoundary>
+    );
+    const logged = vi
+      .mocked(console.error)
+      .mock.calls.some((args) => String(args[0]).includes("Render error:"));
+    expect(logged).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ui/ErrorBoundary.tsx b/frontend/src/components/ui/ErrorBoundary.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6b468e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ui/ErrorBoundary.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import { Component, type ErrorInfo, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { AlertTriangle, RefreshCw } from "lucide-react";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui";
+
+/**
+ * Catches render errors so one broken page does not blank the whole app.
+ *
+ * Without this, any exception thrown while rendering unmounts the entire React
+ * tree: the user gets a white window with no navigation and no indication of
+ * what happened, and the only way out is to know to reload. React offers no
+ * hook equivalent — catching render errors requires a class component.
+ *
+ * `resetKey` is how the boundary recovers on navigation: change it (the route
+ * path) and the boundary clears, so moving to a working page just works instead
+ * of staying stuck on the error screen.
+ */
+
+interface Props {
+  children: ReactNode;
+  /** Changing this clears a caught error — pass the current route. */
+  resetKey?: string;
+}
+
+interface State {
+  error: Error | null;
+}
+
+export class ErrorBoundary extends Component<Props, State> {
+  state: State = { error: null };
+
+  static getDerivedStateFromError(error: Error): State {
+    return { error };
+  }
+
+  componentDidUpdate(prev: Props) {
+    if (this.state.error && prev.resetKey !== this.props.resetKey) {
+      this.setState({ error: null });
+    }
+  }
+
+  componentDidCatch(error: Error, info: ErrorInfo) {
+    // The browser console is the only place this can go — there is no error
+    // reporting backend, and inventing one is not this component's job.
+    console.error("Render error:", error, info.componentStack);
+  }
+
+  render() {
+    const { error } = this.state;
+    if (!error) return this.props.children;
+
+    return (
+      <div className="sp-card mx-auto max-w-2xl p-6">
+        <div className="mb-3 flex items-center gap-2">
+          <AlertTriangle className="h-5 w-5 text-red-500" />
+          <h2 className="sp-heading text-lg">This page hit an error</h2>
+        </div>
+        <p className="mb-4 text-sm text-sp-text-2">
+          The rest of StackPilot is still running — your stacks are unaffected.
+          Try again, or pick another page from the menu.
+        </p>
+        <pre className="mb-4 max-h-48 overflow-auto rounded-lg bg-sp-surface-2 p-3 font-mono text-xs text-sp-text-2">
+          {error.message || String(error)}
+        </pre>
+        <div className="flex gap-2">
+          <Button onClick={() => this.setState({ error: null })}>
+            <RefreshCw className="h-4 w-4" /> Try again
+          </Button>
+          <Button variant="outline" onClick={() => window.location.reload()}>
+            Reload the page
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/main.tsx b/frontend/src/main.tsx
index 7214f49..2008fd1 100644
--- a/frontend/src/main.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/main.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import ReactDOM from "react-dom/client";
 import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { Toaster } from "sonner";
 import App from "./App";
+import { ErrorBoundary } from "@/components/ui/ErrorBoundary";
 import "./index.css";
 
 const queryClient = new QueryClient({
@@ -12,7 +13,12 @@ const queryClient = new QueryClient({
 ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root")!).render(
   <React.StrictMode>
     <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
-      <App />
+      {/* Last line of defence. The boundary inside AppShell covers the routed
+          pages; this one catches the shell itself and the login screen, which
+          sit outside it. */}
+      <ErrorBoundary>
+        <App />
+      </ErrorBoundary>
       <Toaster position="top-right" richColors theme="system" expand visibleToasts={5} />
     </QueryClientProvider>
   </React.StrictMode>
diff --git a/frontend/vite.config.ts b/frontend/vite.config.ts
index 75b5003..61f7118 100644
--- a/frontend/vite.config.ts
+++ b/frontend/vite.config.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/// <reference types="vitest" />
 import { defineConfig } from "vite";
 import react from "@vitejs/plugin-react";
 import path from "path";
@@ -13,6 +14,13 @@ export default defineConfig({
   resolve: {
     alias: { "@": path.resolve(__dirname, "./src") },
   },
+  // Component tests run in jsdom. Kept minimal on purpose: this exists to
+  // verify behaviour that typechecking cannot, not to chase coverage.
+  test: {
+    environment: "jsdom",
+    globals: true,
+    include: ["src/**/*.test.{ts,tsx}"],
+  },
   server: {
     host: true,
     port: 5173,